I Samuel Chapter 11
Memory verses for this week:
Ezek 44:28 And it shall be unto them for an
inheritance: I am their inheritance: and ye shall give them no
possession in Israel: I am their possession.
Introduction:
We continue our study on Samuel this week. In last week’s
lesson, we studied about Saul being anointed as King of Israel.
God sent signs to confirm Saul to make him know that it was God who
had chosen him to be the king. Chapter 10 closed with Samuel
calling the people together at Mizpeh and had the tribes present
themselves so that the tribe of Benjamin might be chosen, which was
the tribe of Saul. Samuel then sent the families to their homes.
I.
Saul’s Victory at Jabesh-Gilead
1 Sam 11:1
Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encamped against Jabeshgilead:
and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us,
and we will serve thee.
1 Sam 11:2 And
Nahash the Ammonite answered them, On this condition will I make a
covenant with you, that I may thrust out all your right eyes, and
lay it for a reproach upon all Israel.
Nahash was king of the children of Ammon. We have a record
of this in the next chapter in verse 12.
1 Sam 12:12 And
when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came
against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us:
when the LORD your God was your king.
At the time of this event, Saul had been anointed king over
Israel, but he was still a farmer king, and had a small following.
Some of the people scoffed at his kingship and refused to
acknowledge it. From verse 12 of chapter 12, we can see that one
of the reasons Israel wanted a king was because they saw a threat
from the Ammonites. They simply did not trust Samuel as a prophet
to lead them against the army. The Ammonites had come into the
country and laid siege against the city of Jabesh-gilead. This
town was just east of the Jordan in the tribe of Gad. The people
offered to make a covenant with Nahash the Ammonite king, and pay
him tribute if he would withdraw his army from them. In verse 2,
we find that Nahash agreed to do this if they would agree to pay a
terrible price. He offers to do this if all the men of Jabesh
agree to have their right eye punched out. This would be a
reproach upon all of Israel. You would have to be pretty
desperate to agree to some kind of agreement like this.
Matthew Henry point out that the men of Jabesh had lost their virtue
as Israelites.
I. "Make a covenant
with us, and we will
surrender upon terms, and serve thee.’’ They had lost the
virtue of Israelites, else they would not have thus lost the valour
of Israelites, nor tamely yielded to serve an Ammonite, without one
bold struggle for themselves. Had they not broken their covenant
with God, and forsaken his service, they needed not thus to have
courted a covenant with a Gentile nation, and offered themselves to
serve them.
II. The besiegers offer them base and barbarous conditions;
they will spare their lives, and take them to be their servants,
upon condition that they shall put out their right eyes, v. 2. The
Gileadites were content to part with their liberty and estates for
the ransom of their blood; and, had the Ammonites taken them at
their word, the matter would have been so settled immediately, and
the Gileadites would not have sent out for relief. But their abject
concessions make the Ammonites more insolent in their demands, and
they cannot be content to have them for their servants, but, 1. They
must torment them, and put them to pain, exquisite pain, for so the
thrusting out of an eye would do. 2. They must disable them for war,
and render them incapable, though not of labour (that would have
been a loss to their lords), yet of bearing arms; for in those times
they fought with shields in their left hands, which covered their
left eye, so that a soldier without his right eye was in effect
blind. 3. They must put a reproach upon all Israel, as weak and
cowardly, that would suffer the inhabitants of one of their chief
cities to be thus miserably used, and not offer to rescue them .[i]
1 Sam 11:3 And
the elders of Jabesh said unto him, Give us seven days' respite,
that we may send messengers unto all the coasts of Israel: and then,
if there be no man to save us, we will come out to thee.
1 Sam 11:4
Then came the messengers to Gibeah of Saul, and told the tidings in
the ears of the people: and all the people lifted up their voices,
and wept.
1 Sam 11:5
And, behold, Saul came after the herd out of the field; and Saul
said, What aileth the people that they weep? And they told him the
tidings of the men of Jabesh.
The men of Jabesh ask for seven days to seek for a man to
deliver them. Surprisingly, the king of Ammon seems happy to agree
to their terms. The call for help went out to the other tribes. It
affected the other tribes, and they wept over what those men faced
there in Jabesh. The terms of the agreement that King Nahash
requested were hard to comprehend. When the call for aid came to
Saul’s town, they found him out working in the field. Apparently
being crowned king had not taken Saul to become high-minded or
thinking too highly of himself. Rather he keeps on working which
is a good example to us. Saul hears the weeping of the people and
asks them why they were upset. These people were kinfolks to those
of Benjamin, since the virgins of Jabesh had been given to the few
Benjamite men who escaped in the war that had resulted over the
Levite’s concubine. We recently studied that over in Judges
Chapter 21.
Judg 21:8 And they
said, What one is there of the tribes of Israel that came not up to
Mizpeh to the LORD? And, behold, there came none to the camp from
Jabeshgilead to the assembly.
Judg 21:9 For the
people were numbered, and, behold, there were none of the
inhabitants of Jabeshgilead there.
Judg 21:10 And the
congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and
commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead
with the edge of the sword, with the women and the children.
Judg 21:11 And
this is the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy every
male, and every woman that hath lain by man.
Judg 21:12 And
they found among the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead four hundred young
virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: and they
brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of
Canaan.
II. Saul Becomes
the Leader of God’s People
1 Sam 11:6 And
the spirit of God came upon Saul when he heard those tidings, and
his anger was kindled greatly.
1 Sam 11:7 And
he took a yoke of oxen, and hewed them in pieces, and sent them
throughout all the coasts of Israel by the hands of messengers,
saying, Whosoever cometh not forth after Saul and after Samuel, so
shall it be done unto his oxen. And the fear of the LORD fell on the
people, and they came out with one consent.
God moved on Saul, and it says the Spirit of God came upon
Saul. He was greatly angered when he heard the threat of the
Ammonites against the people there in Jabesh. He took a yoke of
oxen and cut them into pieces, and sent them by messengers to all
the tribes of Israel. This message was to tell the tribes that
anyone who did not come to help to fight against the Ammonites would
have their oxen cut up. He issued the call as coming from Saul and
Samuel, indicating the great influence Samuel had on the people.
1 Sam 11:8 And
when he numbered them in Bezek, the children of Israel were three
hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand.
1 Sam 11:9 And
they said unto the messengers that came, Thus shall ye say unto the
men of Jabeshgilead, To morrow, by that time the sun be hot, ye
shall have help. And the messengers came and showed it to the men of
Jabesh; and they were glad.
1 Sam 11:10
Therefore the men of Jabesh said, To morrow we will come out unto
you, and ye shall do with us all that seemeth good unto you.
Saul sent a message to the people of Jabesh that on the
following day, they would have help. This is the way it is with a
sinner who does not know the Lord. There may appear no hope at all
when things become clear in your relationship to God, but with the
Lord, He can provide great help. Only through Christ can we
approach God and have forgiveness of our sins. When the news
reaches the men of Jabesh, they are very glad. The men of Jabesh
send word to the Ammonites that they would come out unto them the
following day.
Psa 121:1 A Song
of degrees. I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence
cometh my help.
Psa 121:2 My help
cometh from the LORD, which made heaven and earth.
We can have great confidence in the day of battle when our
help comes from the Lord.
1 Sam 11:11
And it was so on the morrow, that Saul put the people in three
companies; and they came into the midst of the host in the morning
watch, and slew the Ammonites until the heat of the day: and it came
to pass, that they which remained were scattered, so that two of
them were not left together.
Samuel and Saul marched the army of the Lord all night to the
town of Jabesh. In the early morning, they fell on the Ammonites
before the sun was up. By the time the sun was hot, the Ammonites
were thoroughly defeated and no two of them could be found together.
III. People Show
Anger Towards Those Who Had Rejected Saul
1 Sam 11:12
And the people said unto Samuel, Who is he that said, Shall Saul
reign over us? bring the men, that we may put them to death.
1 Sam 11:13
And Saul said, There shall not a man be put to death this day: for
to day the LORD hath wrought salvation in Israel.
1 Sam 11:14
Then said Samuel to the people, Come, and let us go to Gilgal, and
renew the kingdom there.
This great victory of the Ammonites made Saul an instant
hero. Some of his devoted followers remembered how the sons of
Belial had rejected Saul. They did not want him to reign over
them. Those followers desired to take the sons of Belial and put
them to death. But Saul, at this time, was still a humble,
forgiving man, and he refused to allow anyone to suffer because of
his kingship. Samuel rather issues his call to come to Gilgal and
renew the kingdom there. He had told Saul to do this earlier, but
it had never been done.
J. Vernon McGee Noted that Samuel Used the Victory to Unite
the Nation behind Saul.
Some of the Israelites opposed the idea of having Saul as
their king. Samuel ignored that opposition until the nation was
united in favor of Saul. Saul’s leadership in dealing with the
Ammonites took care of the resistance.
[ii]
In the King James
Study Bible, it talked about the 3 different records mentioning the
anointed of Saul as King of Israel beginning in Chapter 10 in verse
1.
Samuel’s
anointing of Saul held spiritual significance. By it the king was
set apart for service as God’s earthly representative on the throne
of Israel. Negative critics have imagined a contradiction between
Saul’s anointing here in Chapter 10 and the reports at verses 17–24
and 11:14, 15. Actually, the three accounts are supplementary,
Saul’s private anointing by God through His prophet being reported
here, the public identification of Saul through the casting of lots
being detailed in verses 17–24, and the formal proclamation of
Saul’s kingship being recorded in 11:14, 15. Because Israel had no
precedent of royal protocol and because interests were strongly
divided in the country (cf. v. 27; 11:12, 13), care and time were
needed for both the selection and the confirmation of Saul’s
leadership.
[iii]
IV. The Kingdom is
Renewed
1 Sam 11:15
And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king
before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of
peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men of
Israel rejoiced greatly.
The people all went up to Gilgal and it was there that they
made Saul king before the Lord. Saul officially became the first
king of Israel, and all the people rejoiced. They offered
peace-offerings before the Lord at Gilgal. When we follow the
orders of the Lord, we too can rejoice.
1 Sam 10:8 And
thou shalt go down before me to Gilgal; and, behold, I will come
down unto thee, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice
sacrifices of peace offerings: seven days shalt thou tarry, till I
come to thee, and show thee what thou shalt do.
Samuel had told Saul to go before him to Gilgal in Chapter
10, but Saul did not obey those orders. The great victory over the
Ammonites no doubt caused Saul to take his place as King of Israel.
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[i]Henry, Matthew,
Matthew Henry’s Commentary
on the Bible,
(Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers) 1997.
[ii]J. Vernon McGee,
Thru the Bible commentary
[computer file], electronic ed., Logos Library System,
(Nashville: Thomas Nelson) 1997, c1981 by J. Vernon McGee.
[iii]Thomas Nelson, Inc.,
King James Version Study
Bible [computer file], electronic ed., Logos Library System,
(Nashville: Thomas Nelson) 1997, c1988 by Liberty
University.